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Timeline of Jewish History
by Rabbi Mattis Kantor
Chapter 1
The New World
[numbers on the left hand side correspond to the Jewish calendar which begins with the year '1' - creation of the world - up thru today - the latter part of the 5700's since creation. The numbers on the right side correspond to the commonly used calendar starting with -3760 BCE (before current era) and then CE (current era). ---ed.]
1 CREATION OF THE WORLD, AND ADAM & CHAVAH (EVE). -3760
130 Sheit (Seth son of Adam) was born. -3631
235 Enosh (son of Sheit) was born. -3526
325 Keynan (son of Enosh) was born. -3436
395 Mehalalel (son of Keynan) was born. -3366
460 Yered (son of Mehalalel) was born. -3301
622 Chanoch (son of Yered) was born. -3139
687 Metushelach (son of Chanoch) was born. -3074
874 Lemech II (son of Metushelach) was born. -2887
930 Adam died. -2831
1056
1536 Noah began the construction of the ark. -2225
1556 Yaphet (son of Noah) was born. -2205
1557 Cham (son of Noah) was born. -2204
1558 Shem (son of Noah) was born. -2203
1656 Metushelach died. -2105
1656 THE GREAT FLOOD COVERED THE EARTH. -2105
1658 Arpachshad (son of Shem) was born. -2103
1693 Shelach (son of Arpachshad) born -2068
1723 Ever (son of Shelach) was born. -2038
1757 Peleg (son of Ever) was born. -2004
1787 Re'u (son of Peleg) was born. -1974
1819 Serug (son of Re'u) was born. -1942
1849 Nachor I (son of Serug) was born. -1912
1878 Terach (son of Nachor I) was born. -1883
1948 Avraham (son of Terach) was born. -1813
Chapter 2
The Forefathers
1948 Avraham (son of Terach) was born. -1813
1958
1973 Avraham married Sarah. -1788
1996 The Dispersion from Bavel after building the tower. -1765
2000 Terach left Ur Kasdim with his family. -1761
2006 Noach died. -1755
2018 THE COVENANT (BRIT BEIN HABETARIM) WITH AVRAHAM. -1743
2023 Avraham came to settle in
2034 Yishmael (son of Avraham) was born. -1727
2048 Avraham circumcised himself and Yishmael. -1713
2048 Sdom and Amorrah were destroyed. -1713
2048 Yitzchak (
2084 THE AKEDA. YITZCHAK WAS PREPARED TO BE A SACRIFICE. -1677
2084 Sarah died. -1677
2108 Yaakov (
2123 Avraham died. -1638
2158 Shem (son of Noach) died. -1603
2171 Yitzchak blessed Yaakov instead of Eisav. -1590
2185 Yaakov went to Charan. -1576
2187 Ever (great grandson of Shem) died. -1574
2192 Yaakov married
2195
2199 Yosef (
2205 Yaakov left Charan. -1556
2208 Binyamin was born. -1553
2216 Yosef was sold. -1545
2228 Yitzchak died. -1533
2229 Yosef became Viceroy of Egypt. -1532
2235 Kehot (son of Levi) was born. -1526
2238 YAAKOV (AND HIS FAMILY) WENT TO EGYPT. -1523
Chapter 3
Living in Egypt
2255 Yaakov died. -1506
2309 Yosef died. -1542
2332 The enslavement in Egypt began after Levi died. -1429
2368 Moshe (
2406 Yehoshua (
2447 Moshe encountered the burning bush. -1314
2448 THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL LEFT EGYPT -1313
Chapter 4
Moshe the Leader
2448 The Children of Israel crossed the reed sea. -1313
2448 THE REVELATION &
2448 Moshe broke the Tablets. -1313
2449 Moshe came down Sinai with the second Tablets. -1312
2449 The Mishkan (
2449 The spies returned from Canaan with bad news. -1312
2487 Aharon and
2488 Moshe died. -1273
Chapter 5
Judges & Early Prophets
2488 Bnei
2503 The apportionment of Eretz Yisrael was completed. -1258
2516 Yehoshua died. -1245
2533 The rule of Shoftim (Judges) began with Othniel ben Knaz -1228
2573 Ehud ben Gerah became leader. -1188
2654 Shamgar ben Anath died. -1107
2654 Devorah became leader. -1107
2694 Gideon became leader. -1067
2734 Avimelech (son of Gideon) became leader. -1027
2737 Tolah ben Pu'ah became leader. -1024
2758 Ya'ir HaGil'adi became leader. -1003
2779 Yiphtach (HaGil'adi) became leader. -982
2792 Eylon (HaZevuloni) became leader. -969
2802 Avdon ben Hillel became leader. -959
2810 Shimshon (Samson) became leader. -951
2830 Eli (HaKohen) became leader. -931
2854
2871 Shmuel became leader. -890
Chapter 6
Kings and the First Beit Hamikdash
2882 Shaul was appointed king. -879
2884 David became king of Yehuda in Hevron. -877
2892 DAVID BECAME KING OF ISRAEL IN YERUSHALAYIM. -869
2924 Shlomo became king. -837
2928 Building of the Beit Hamikdash commenced. -833
2935 THE FIRST BEIT HAMIKDASH WAS COMPLETED -827
2964 SHLOMO DIED AND HIS KINGDOM WAS DIVIDED. -797
2964 Rechav'am (son of Shlomo) became king of Yehuda. -797
2964 Yerav'am ben Nevat became king over Yisrael. -797
3043 Eliyahu went up in a chariot of fire. -718
3084 Yeho'ash I (Joash) renovated the Beit Hamikdash. -677
3142 Yeshayahu (
3187 The first two of the ten tribes were exiled. -574
3195 Another two of the ten tribes were exiled. -566
3199 Chizkiyahu (Hezekiah) became king of Yehuda. -562
3205 THE LAST OF THE TEN TRIBES WERE EXILED. -556
3213 Sancheriv invaded Eretz Yehuda and retreated. -548
3228 Menasheh (son of Chizkiyahu) became king of Yehuda. -533
3298 Yirmiyahu (
3303 Yoshiyahu (Josiah) renovated the Beit Hamikdash. -458
3319 Yerushalayim was conquered, and Yehoyakim exiled. -442
3321 Yehoyakim burned the
3327 Yerushalayim conquered again, and Yehoyachin exiled. -434
3331 Yirmiyahu persisted in prophesying calamity. -430
3332 Yechezk'el (
3336 The final Babylonian siege of Yerushalayim -425
3338 The walls of Yerushalayim were penetrated. -423
3338 The sacrifices ceased in the Beit Hamikdash. -423
3338 THE FIRST BEIT HAMIKDASH WAS DESTROYED. -423
Chapter 7
Exile in Babylon
3339 Gedalyah ben Achikam was killed. -423
3340
3352 Yechezk'el prophecized about the future Beit Hamikdash. -410
3389 Daniel read the writing on the wall. -372
3389 Daniel was thrown into the lion's den. -372
3390 Zerubavel led the return to Eretz Yisrael. -371
3391 Building of Second Beit Hamikdash commenced, then halted. -370
3395 Achashverosh II made his great banquet. -366
3399
3404 Esther took action against
3406
3408 Building of the Second Beit Hamikdash was resumed. -353
3412 THE SECOND BEIT HAMIKDASH WAS COMPLETED. -349
Chapter 8
The Second Beit Hamikdash
Chapter 8a
Anshei Knesset HaGedola — The Great Council of Sages
3413
3426 Nechemyah returned to rebuild walls of Yerushalayim. -335
3448 EZRA DIED. -313
3448 Shimon HaTzadik met Alexander the Great. -313
3449 The Minyan Shtarot began. -313
Chapter 8b — Greek Cultural Domination.
3488 Shimon HaTzadik died. -273
3515 72 Elders translated the Torah into Greek (Septuagint) -246
3621 The revolt of Mattityahu the Chashmona'i. -140
Chapter 8c — Kingdom of Yehudah (Judea).
Dynasty of the Chashmona'im.
3622 Yehudah (HaMaccabi) ruled. -139
3622 The Second Beit Hamikdash was re-dedicated. -139
3623
3628 Yehudah (HaMaccabi) was killed in battle. -133
3628 Yonatan (son of Mattityahu) ruled. -133
3634 Shimon (son of Mattityahu) ruled. -127
3642 Yochanan Hyrkanos (son of Shimon) ruled. -119
3668 Yehudah Aristoblus (son of Yochanan Hyrkanos) ruled. -93
3670 Alexander Yannai (son of Yochanan Hyrkanos) ruled. -91
3688 Shalomit (Queen Salome, wife of Alexander Yannai) ruled. -73
3696 Aristoblus II (son of Alexander Yannai) ruled. -65
3700 The Romans gained control of Yehudah (Judea). -61
3700 Hyrkanos II (son of Alexander Yannai) ruled. -61
3721 Antigonus (son of Aristoblus II) ruled. -40
Chapter 8d — Roman Client Kings & Rulers.
The Herodian Dynasty.
3725 Herod I ruled, killing all the Chashmona'im. -36
3728 Hillel became leader of the Torah scholars. -33
3742 Herod I began rebuilding the Second Beit Hamikdash. -19
3750 Renovation of the Second Beit Hamikdash was completed. -11
3761 Archelaus (son of Herod I) ruled. 1
3768 HILLEL DIED. 8
3770 Archelaus was deposed by the Roman Emperor. 10
3781 Agrippa I (grandson of Herod I) ruled. 21
3788 The
3804 Agrippa II (son of Agrippa I) ruled. 44
3810 Raban Gamliel I (son of Shimon, son of Hillel) died. 50
3826 Vespasian arrived in Yehuda to reassert Roman authority. 66
3829 THE SECOND BEIT HAMIKDASH WAS DESTROYED. 69
Chapter 9
The Talmudic Era — The
3834 R.Yochanan ben Zakkai died. 74
3846 Sanhedrin moved from place to place, under R.Gamliel II. 86
3893 Betar fell, and “Bar Kochba's” revolt ended in tragedy. 133
3894 Judaism was banned, and R.Akiva was imprisoned. 134
3949 R.YEHUDAH HANASSI COMPLETED THE MISHNAH AROUND THIS TIME. 189
Chapter 10
The Talmudic Era — The Gemara
3979 Rav Left Eretz Yisrael and settled in Bavel (Babylonia). 219
4007 Shmuel was the Talmudic authority in Bavel. 247
4014 R.Yochanan was the leading Talmudic authority. 254
4050 R.Huna was the leading Talmudic authority. 290
4058 R.Yehudah was the leading Talmudic authority. 298
4060 R.Chisda was the leading Talmudic authority. 300
4069 Rabbah was the leading Talmudic authority. 309
4081 R.Yosef was the leading Talmudic authority. 321
4085 Abayey was the leading Talmudic authority. 325
4098 Rava was the leading Talmudic authority. 338
4119 Hillel II (who established the calendar) became Nassi. 359
4152 R.Ashi was the leading Talmudic authority. 392
4187 R.Ashi died after the compilation of the Gemara. 427
4235 THE
Chapter 11
The Talmudic Academies of Bavel
Chapter 11a — The Rabbanan SAVURAI
4311 Mar Zutra proclaimed Jewish self-rule in Babylonia. 551
Chapter 11b — The GE'ONIM, and Arabic Dominion
4349 The Metivta of Pumpedita was reconstituted. 589
4369 The Metivta of Sura was reconstituted. 609
4374 The Persians conquered Eretz Yisrael. 614
4374 JEWS WERE ALLOWED TO RETURN TO YERUSHALAYIM. 614
4389 The Byzantine (E.Roman) Empire reconquered Eretz Yisrael. 629
4396 R.Yitzchak was the last GAON of Neharde'a (Firuz-Shabur). 636
4397 The Arabs conquered Eretz Yisrael. 637
4405 One of the “TAKKANOT HAGE'ONIM” was enacted at this time. 645
4515 R.Acha(i) Gaon left Bavel (Iraq) for Eretz Yisrael. 755
4519 R.Yehudai became GAON of Sura. 759
4519 The
4548 Another of “TAKKANOT HAGE'ONIM” was enacted at this time. 788
4618 R.Amram (who wrote the
4688 Rbnu.Saadya was appointed GAON of Sura. 928
4715 "Four Captives" were ransomed at around this time. 955
4728 R.Sherira became GAON of Pumpedita. 968
4757 R.Hai became (the last) GAON of Pumpedita. 997
4798 R.HAI GAON DIED, AND THE ACADEMIES OF BAVEL DECLINED. 1038
Chapter 12
The
Chapter 12a — Early Rishonim, Tosaphot and the Crusade Massacres.
4800 Rbnu.Gershom Me'or HaGola died. 1040
4848 The Rif arrived in Spain (from Morocco). 1088
4856 CRUSADERS (1ST) DESTROYED JEWISH COMMUNITIES. 1096
4859 Yerushalayim was captured by the Crusaders. 1099
4863 The Rif Died. 1103
4865
4895 THE
4904 THE FIRST (RECORDED) BLOOD LIBEL TOOK PLACE. 1144
4907 Crusaders (2nd) attacked Jewish communities. 1147
4907 Rabbenu Tam was captured by the Crusaders. 1147
4908 The Rambam's and the Radak's families left Cordova. 1148
4925 The Rambam visited Eretz Yisrael. 1165
4931 Rabbenu Tam died. 1171
4935 The Rashbam died. 1175
4944 The young son of the Ri was killed. 1184
4948 Jews were allowed to return to Yerushalayim. 1187
4949 R.Yaakov D'Orleans was killed in London. 1189
4950 Jews were massacred in England, in the 3rd Crusade. 1190
4951 The Radak wrote his commentary. 1191
4954 The Ramban (Nachmanides) was born. 1194
4959 The Ra'avad died. 1198
4965 The Rambam died. 1204
4996 Rampaging mobs massacred Jews in France. 1236
5002 A massive burning of the Talmud took place in Paris. 1242
5004 Yerushalayim was sacked by Egyptians and Turks. 1244
5012 The Inquisition began to use torture. 1252
5027 The Ramban (left Spain and) settled in Eretz Yisrael. 1267
5030 The Ramban died. 1270
5046 The Maharam MeRothenburg was imprisoned. 1286
5050 New works advanced the study of
5050 THE ERA OF THE TOSAPHOT CONCLUDED AT AROUND THIS TIME. 1290
Chapter 12b — Later Rishonim,
Persecutions, and Expulsions.
5050 All Jews were expelled from England. 1290
5053 The Maharam MeRothenburg died in prison. 1293
5058 The Rindfleisch massacres began. 1298
5058 The 'Mordechai' and Hagahot Maimoniyot were killed. 1298
5065 The Rashba placed a limited ban on philosophy. 1305
5065 The Rosh (and his son, the Tur) arrived in Spain. 1305
5066 All Jews were expelled from France. 1306
5070 The Rashba died. 1310
5080 Jews were massacred by the Pastoureaux Crusaders. 1320
5088 The Rosh died. 1327
5096 Jews of Germany were massacred by the Armledder bands. 1336
5098 The Ralbag wrote his commentary on the Bible. 1338
5109 THE BLACK DEATH MASSACRES SWEPT ACROSS EUROPE. 1349
5127 The Ran, Rivash, and other scholars in Spain, were imprisoned. 1367
5151 Jews of Spain were massacred — many became Marranos. 1391
5151 The Rivash and Rashbatz left Spain. 1391
5155 The Final expulsion of Jews from France. 1394
5173 R.Yosef Albo was in a forced debate with Christians. 1413
5181 Jews in Austria were massacred in the Wiener Gezera. 1421
5235 THE INVENTION OF PRINTING WAS USED FOR JEWISH BOOKS. 1475
5241 The Inquisition was established in Spain. 1481
5248 R.Ovadya Bertinura settled in Yerushalayim. 1488
5251 Columbus consulted R.Avraham Zacuto for his travels. 1491
5252 ALL JEWS WERE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN AND SICILY. 1492
Chapter 13
The Kov'im - The Great Scholars of the Shulchan Aruch & Torah Consolidation
5253 R.Yitzchak Abarbanel arrived in Naples, from Spain. 1493
5257 All Jews were expelled from Portugal. 1496
5276 The Eyn Yaakov was printed. 1516
5276 The Turks (Ottoman Empire) conquered Eretz Yisrael. 1516
5285 R.Yosef Yoselman saved many Jews during the Peasants War. 1525
5314 A mass burning of Jewish books took place in Rome. 1553
5323 The Shulchan Aruch was completed by R.Yosef Karo. 1563
5330 SHULCHAN ARUCH PUBLISHED WITH SUPPLEMENTS OF RAMO. 1570
5332 The Ari'zal died in Tzfat (Safed). 1572
5333 The Maharal came to Prague. 1573
5334 The Maharshal died. 1573
5335 R.Yosef Karo died in Tzfat. 1575
5359 The Maharal returned to Prague again. 1599
5374 The Maharsha became Rabbi in Lublin. 1614
5377 The Tosaphot Yom Tov commentary was concluded. 1616
5382 The Shaloh arrived in Eretz Yisrael. 1621
5389 R.Yom Tov Lipman Heller was imprisoned in Prague. 1629
5400 R.Yoel Sirkes, the Bach, died. 1640
5406 The Shach and Taz (on Shulchan Aruch) were printed. 1646
5408 JEWS WERE MASSACRED BY CHMIELNITZKI'S FORCES. 1648
Chapter 14
The Acharonim — Later Scholars.
Chapter 14a, Early Acharonim and East European Massacres
5414 The first Jews settled in New Amsterdam (New York). 1654
5415 Many Jews killed in Russian and Swedish invasions of Poland. 1655
5416 Jews were permitted to live in England. 1656
5416 Baruch Spinoza was excommunicated. 1656
5433 The Magen Avraham (on Shulchan Aruch) was completed. 1673
5437 SHABBETAI TZVI DIED AS A MUSLIM. 1676
5449 The Beit Shmuel (on the Shulchan Aruch) was printed. 1689
5458 THE BA'AL SHEM TOV WAS BORN. 1698
5463 The Pnei Yehoshua's family were killed in an explosion. 1702
5472 The Siftei Chachamim was arrested. 1712
5484 R.Yaakov Culi (Me'am Lo'ez) arrived in Constantinople. 1724
5487 The Mishneh LeMelech died. 1727
5494 Jews were massacred by the Haidamack bands. 1734
Chapter 14b, Acharonim and Early
5501 The Or HaChayim arrived in Eretz Yisrael. 1741
5507 R.Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (Ramchal) died in Acco (Acre). 1747
5510 R.Yonatan Eybeshutz became Rabbi in Hamburg. 1750
5515 The Noda BiYehuda became Rabbi in Prague. 1754
5518 The Frankists instigated mass burnings of the Talmud. 1757
5519 Frankists supported blood libel charges in public 'debate'. 1759
5520 The Ba'al Shem Tov died. 1760
5524 The VA'AD ARBA ARATZOT was discontinued. 1764
5528 Despite resistance the Haidamacks massacre thousands. 1768
5532 The Maggid of Mezeritsch died. 1772
5542 R.N. Adler and Chassam Sofer visited the Noda BiYehuda. 1782
5546 R.Elimelech of Lizensk died. 1786
5551 The Pale of Settlement was established in Russia. 1791
5553 Jews suffered in Reign of Terror of French Revolution. 1793
5558 The Vilna Gaon died. 1797
5559 The Ba'al HaTanya was released from first imprisonment. 1798
5559 Napoleon led an army expedition through Eretz Yisrael. 1799
5566 The Chida (R.Chaim Yosef David Azulai) died. 1806
5566 The Chassam Sofer became Rabbi in Pressburg. 1806
5570 R.Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev died. 1809
5571 R.Nachman of Bratslav died. 1810
5574 R.Akiva Eger became Rabbi in Posen. 1814
5575 Kozhnitzer Maggid and Yehudi of Pershisskha, both died. 1814
5575 Chozeh of Lublin, and R.Mendel of Rymanov, both died. 1815
5579 Anti Jewish (Hep Hep!) riots spread throughout Germany. 1819
5587 Russia began conscripting Jewish children to the army. 1827
5600 Adm.R.Yisrael of Ruzhin was released from imprisonment. 1840
Chapter 14c, Later Acharonim and Changing Society.
5603 The Tzemach Tzedek of
5606 Sir Moshe Montefiore visited Russia to help local Jews. 1846
5609 R.Yisrael Salanter left Vilna. 1848
5611 R.Shimshon Rapha'el Hirsch became Rabbi in Frankfort am Main. 1851
5619 R.Menachem Mendel of Kotzk died. 1859
5624 The Malbim was imprisoned, and then expelled from Rumania. 1864
5626 Chidushei HaRim, Tiferet Shlomo, and Tzemach Tzedek, died. 1866
5633 The Chafetz Chaim was published. 1873
5634 The Minchat Chinuch died. 1874
5638 Petach Tikva agricultural settlement was established. 1878
5641 MANY JEWS BEGAN LEAVING RUSSIA AFTER A WAVE OF POGROMS. 1881
5646 R.Shlomo Ganzfried (author of Kitzur Shulchan Aruch) died. 1886
5652 R.Chaim (Brisker) became Rabbi in Brisk. 1892
5665 The Sfass Emess died. 1905
5665 Many Jews were killed in (official) Russian pogroms. 1905
5671 Chazon Ish was published. 1911
5674 Over 500,000 Jewish soldiers fought in World War I. 1914
5678 Over 60,000 Jews were killed during Russian Revolution. 1918
5684 Daf HaYomi study cycle commenced. 1923
5687 The
5699 Jews were attacked in the Kristallnacht pogroms in Germany. 1938
Chapter 15
The Melaktim & the Current Era.
Chapter 15a — The Holocaust.
5699 Germany started World War II, and mass killing of Jews. 1939
5701 Nazi-Germany unexpectedly invaded Russia. 1941
5701 200,000 Jews were killed at Babi Yar and Ponary. 1941
5702 400,000 Jews of Warsaw were sent to DEATH CAMPS. 1942
5703 Nazi-Germany experienced massive losses in the battle of Stalingrad. 1943
5703 THE REMAINING JEWS IN WARSAW STAGED A MASSIVE UPRISING. 1943
5703 Jewish uprisings at Treblinka, Sobibor, and Bialystock. 1943
5703 The Danish people quietly rescued 93% of their Jews to safety. 1943
5704 300,000 Hungarian Jews were killed in 3 months. 1944
5705 Uprising in Auschwitz DEATH CAMP just before freedom. 1944
5705 Nazi-Germany was conquered, and World War II ended. 1945
5705 6,000,000 JEWS WERE KILLED BY THE NAZIS DURING THE WAR. 1945
Chapter 15b
The Independent State of Israel.
5707 Publication of the Talmud Encyclopedia was commenced. 1947
5708 The United Nations divided Eretz Yisrael. 1947
5708 Arabs attacked in Eretz Yisrael, to gain territory. 1947
5708 THE STATE OF ISRAEL WAS ESTABLISHED IN ERETZ YISRAEL. 1948
5708 Eretz Yisrael was invaded by many Arab countries. 1948
5709 The “War of Independence” (in Eretz Yisrael) ended. 1949
5710 All Jews left the ancient Jewish community of Iraq. 1950
5710 Almost all Jews of Yemen emigrated to Eretz Yisrael. 1950
5717 Jewish forces invaded Egypt and conquered the Sinai Desert. 1956
5727 YERUSHALAYIM RE-UNITED UNDER JEWISH RULE, IN SIX-DAY-WAR. 1967
5734 2,500 Jewish soldiers were killed in the Yom-Kippur-War. 1973
5742 Massive enemy arsenals were discovered in Lebanon. 1982
5753 A secret agreement signed in Oslo. 1993
5754 The Last
Chapter 15c — The Post-Holocaust Era.
5756 Yitzchak Rabin was assassinated. 1995
5760 Court rules that Revisionist Historians are Nazi sympathizers 2000
5761 TERRORISM AGAINST AMERICA EXPLODES INTO A WORLD WAR (III) 2001
5763 Jewish astronaut with Torah scroll in fiery return from space. 2003
Excerpted from the book "Codex Judaica - a Chronological Index of Jewish History." Click Here to purchase the book.
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